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| birth_date = | birth_place = Purani Haveli, Hyderabad, Hyderabad (now in Telangana, India) | death_date = 24 February 1967 (age 80) | death_place = King Kothi Palace, Hyderabad | coronation = 18 September 1911 | predecessor = Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI | brother in law = Nawab Khudrath Nawaz Jung, among many others | spouse = Dulhan Pasha Begum, among many others | successor = Monarchy abolished (Pretender:Mukarram Jah) | issue = Azam, Moazzam, and at least 18 other sons and 19 daughters | royal house = Asaf Jahi Dynasty | father = Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI | mother = Amat-uz-Zahrunnisa Begum | religion = Sunni Islam | place of burial= Judi Mosque, King Kothi Palace, Hyderabad, Telangana, India (now in Telangana, India) |}} His Exalted Highness Nizam Sir Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi Asaf Jah VII (), born Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur (; 6 April 1886 – 24 February 1967), was the last Nizam (or ruler) of the Princely State of Hyderabad and of Berar. He ruled Hyderabad between 1911 and 1948, until it was annexed by India. He was styled ''His Exalted Highness The Nizam of Hyderabad''. Later he was made the Rajpramukh of Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950 and continued until 31 October 1956, after which the state was partitioned on linguistic basis and became part of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra. 〔 () 〕 During his days as Nizam, he was reputed to be the richest man in the world, having a fortune estimated at US$2 billion in the early 1940s ($ today)〔(His Fortune on TIME )〕 or 2 per cent of the US economy then. At that time the treasury of the newly independent Union government of India reported annual revenue of US$1 billion only. He was portrayed on the cover of TIME magazine on 22 February 1937, described as the world's richest man.〔(The Nizam on the cover of Time Magazine )〕 The Nizam is widely believed to have remained as the richest man in South Asia until his death in 1967, though his fortunes fell to US$1 billion by then and became a subject of multiple legal disputes between bitterly fighting rival descendants. He built the Hyderabad House in Delhi, now used for diplomatic meetings by the Government of India. ==Reign== The Nizam's vast inheritance was accumulated as mining royalties rather than land revenue. Hyderabad State in British India was the only supplier of diamonds for the global market in the 19th century. Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur acceded as Nizam of Hyderabad upon the death of his father in 1911. The state of Hyderabad was the largest of the princely states in pre-independence India. With an area of 86,000 square miles (223,000 km²), it was roughly the size of the present-day United Kingdom. Its ruler was the highest-ranking prince in India, was one of only five princes entitled to a 21-gun salute, held the unique title of "Nizam", and was created "His Exalted Highness" and "Faithful Ally of the British Crown" after World War One due to his financial contribution to the British Empire's war effort. (For example, No. 110 Squadron RAF's original complement of DH.9A aircraft were Osman Ali's gift. Each aircraft bore an inscription to that effect, and the unit became known as the Hyderabad Squadron.〔(Squadron history for no. 110 sqn on RAF Website )〕) Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur was the absolute ruler of this principality. In some accounts, he is held to have been a benevolent ruler who patronised education, science and development. During his 37-year rule electricity was introduced, railways, roads and airways were developed, the Nizamsagar lake in Hyderabad state was excavated and some irrigation projects on the Tungabhadra river were undertaken. In 1941, Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur started his own bank, the ''Hyderabad State Bank'' (now State Bank of Hyderabad) as the state's central bank, which managed the ''Osmania sikka'', the currency of the Hyderabad state. It was the only state which had its own currency, the Hyderabadi rupee, which was different from the rest of India. Hyderabad was the only state in British India where the ruler was allowed to issue currency notes. A 100 rupee note was introduced in 1918. In 1947, the Nizam made a gift of diamond jewels, including a tiara and necklace, to Princess Elizabeth on the occasion of her marriage. The brooches and necklace from this gift are still worn by the Queen and is known as Nizam of Hyderabad necklace.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://queensjewelvault.blogspot.co.uk/2013/02/the-nizam-of-hyderabad-rose-brooches.html )〕 Nearly all the major public buildings in Hyderabad city, such as the Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad High Court, Asafiya Library now known as ''State Central Library'', Town Hall now known as ''Assembly Hall'', Jubilee Hall, Hyderabad Museum, now known as ''State Museum'', Nizamia Observatory and many other monuments were built during his reign. Up to 11% of the Nizam's budget was spent on education. Osmania University was founded, and schools, colleges and a "Department for Translation" were set up. Primary education was made compulsory and provided free for the poor. The Nizam (as well as his predecessors) have been criticised for largely ignoring the native languages in favour of Urdu. Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur donated to many institutions in India and abroad. Recipients included educational institutions such as the Jamia Nizamia, the Darul Uloom Deoband, Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University. He also paid for a Royal Australian Navy vessel, N-class destroyer, HMAS Nizam (G38) commissioned in 1940. Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur lived at King Kothi Palace—bought from a nobleman—for all his life from age 13. He never moved to Chowmahalla Palace, even after his accession to the throne. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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